Tolleranza
Il concetto di tolleranza (o la tolleranza, il contrario: l'intolleranza, che deriva dal verbo latino tolerare, l ' "orso", "sopravvivere", "Live" or "resist" but also "allowed", that is) is, inter alia, in social, cultural and religious context necessary. So, with tolerance as an expression of dealing with a person or persons who do not match, but does not tolerate this, so bear.
Definitions
"Tolerance is the renunciation of the option, is directed against an evil end." Therefore, it can not be tolerated, which is 1. represents a bad (good, good or lawful can not be tolerated.) 2. turns against itself (what a car is not interested or not interested, you can not tolerate.) 3. should be empowered evil, not tolerate them as well. (Who does not have this option so the logic can be no tolerance as voluntary acceptance of evil, which is described as a tolerance)
Anyone who wishes to exercise tolerance, must ask: If
is really a bad thing?
is that evil of me, as certain of anything?
I actually can take to the practice of tolerance, the evil in the end?
Tolerance describes the ability to form, or - for their tolerance levels - many forms of otherness, or other action, in particular the origin, religion, orientation, moral or belief, tolerance, not for fight.
Tolerance significa generalmente tollerato o il rispetto delle credenze, gli atti o le pratiche che sono false e uno standard di essere, ma non completamente, e non essere limitato".
- Rainer Forst: Tolleranza
Una promozione è quindi molto più sulla tolleranza, la tolleranza, ma significa anche l'abolizione di uno svantaggio di altri già esistenti contro lo stesso (penale, i diritti). I concetti di stessa e diversa, però, un forte cambiamento. Tolleranza in un senso più debole di discriminazione comprende non solo il monitoraggio.
Come un atteggiamento prevalente vorwaltende o di un gruppo o di società chiamato "laissez-tolleranza di individui o di gruppi di cui convinzioni e il modo di vita istituito dal sistema social or religious. It is not synonymous with respect, but a possible precursor to give acceptance.
tolerance in the sense of a "tolerance zone" includes a power to punish deviation and the conscious decision to refrain from making. E 'normally associated with non-violence, with the goal of unification behavior practiced. Tolerance may reduce violence.
In a broader sense of the word is that intolerance and conformity, and social pressure, violence can cause destabilization. Tolerance is thus to generate a margin for people with abnormal behavior and other social norms. Tolerance is aimed at people because of their differences risk of social exclusion. Instead of a strict action against the tolerance that requires a different standard for different people or groups in this respect are not hindered. About
the idea of \u200b\u200btolerance or otherwise believes that the action to come up, can use the pejorative term Tolerantismus, Empress Maria Teresa coined to give them the tolerance of non-Catholics (Protestants and Jews) and to apply for a religious basis even Austria (→ Transmigration (Austria)).
Politics and Religion
Historically, they were political and religious tolerance, the most important aspects of tolerance, since the political and religious differences in systems di innumerevoli guerre, persecuzioni e di altri reati hanno portato. I filosofi e scrittori del secolo dei Lumi, soprattutto Voltaire e Lessing ha aiutato più di tolleranza religiosa al passo e sono stati di grande influenza sulla società occidentali (→ pluralismo), dal momento che dopo la pace religiosa di Augusta è la religione dei soggetti del sovrano era stato determinato ( "cuius regio, eius religio ".). Il campo della politica di tolleranza, la non poteva espandere scout con un corrispondente persistenza.
Chiesa cattolica romana
"La tolleranza si intende la postura di una persona che rispetta gli altri, anche se differenti opinioni e credenze rappresentati."
- Catechismo Catholic Adult
"Tolerance includes reverence for what the other is sacred one."
- After Pope Benedict XVI.
Limits and problems of tolerance
The text there is one thing that can not afford: intolerance. shows that there are necessary limits of tolerance here. In particular, a tolerant society does not allow such intolerance, which are destroyed.
It can therefore be a paradox to speak of tolerance. Who tolerates intolerance is both tolerant and intolerant. Those who do not tolerate intolerance seem intolerant, but retain the tolerance. Particularly significant is the problem with an expression collective mass A and B. Both views are completely different opinions and I think they are right and the other for reprehensible. Therefore, both waiting for the other intolerant views. The principles of both positions are static and unchanging. Both believe that tolerance stops there, where intolerance is tolerated. A tolerance of expression can not allow such intolerance, which are destroyed. But what is now tolerant of opinion? Bring
other restrictive measures in a rapid decline in the general ruling with grace, and a "dictatorship of tolerance," which under the name of tolerance, conformity of opinion or moral conviction calls ("You must give me reason otherwise you are intolerant "), is also a massive restriction of freedom of expression - in contrast to the tolerance after falsely attributed to Voltaire quote:" I like damn what you say, But I'll give my life to make it can say. "
In many countries, there will be no problems with tolerance in areas such as the separation of church and state, homosexuality, the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, the more critical literature and political journalism, or deviating sexual acts with the problems, in some cases, the conflict between personal freedom of individuals and potential harm to others (passive smoking, pedophilia) circumstances. It ', however, between the person and their attitudes and their actions with their effects. Tolerance refers only to the mentality and culture of a person during a practice particularly damaging to the notion of tolerance cutting.
In European policy, there is a tendency, tolerance as an intrinsic feature of Christianity, and in Europe to propagate. At the same time, a dichotomy between Christianity and Islam are designed, in exchange, the label of intolerance is attached.
Social Ethics in social ethics means tolerate a single person or group under the influence of disturbing other people or groups, not with the (hard) avenges social sanctions. Tolerance does not go as far as regards the acceptance - quando questa è una condizione piuttosto che i propri desideri sono diversi, ma servono come il bene comune riconosciuto.
Critica Tolleranza
Dal momento che la tolleranza può disarmare fanatici hanno convinto anche forti movimenti sociali a volte difficile, le loro argomentazioni a contrario. Di conseguenza, Herbert Marcuse, il termine "tolleranza repressive" (quasi una contraddizione in adjecto) per l'estensione di tolleranza alle situazioni, le pratiche e le relazioni di potere che "la possibilità di una vita senza paura e portare la miseria, ostacolare" in legge. Marcuse analizza società in cui prevalgono gli squilibri di potere e non essere rispettati. Qui la tolleranza è sempre a giocare the powerful actors in their hands. The
Demoskopin Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann is in the field of public opinion that Wechselbestärkung liberal tolerance and quiet traditionalism as the "spiral of silence" attacked.
SPIEGEL journalist and author Henryk M. Broder is the tolerance in the plural, "horizontal", organized society of an old principle, which makes it easier to apply a ruthlessly intolerant
Education
Here, tolerance, often in the context of "political education" as active citizens and promote virtue is regarded as a mark of a functioning state and a "live" democracy. There are also forms of tolerance, are distinguished:
Passive tolerance
passive tolerance in the sense that one negative, the acceptance of exclusion, even if the assessment has been carried out, evaluation, however, contains an answer, for example, the 'lover peace 'love. In this sense, say for example, parents with adequate undertone to their children: "Well, I tolerate this!" Passive tolerance is not only pedagogically welcomed, because it prevents an attitude problem (Robert K. Merton: retreatism) of ignorance and is very close.
Active tolerance
Tolerance in a positive way and, as a fundamental value of freedom, pluralistic society means absolute intellectual openness regarding the possibility of an eventual acceptance of the facts tolerated in the future. When you enable a final assessment of tolerance is tolerated "influence", not only by reactions has not expressed an opinion, but also deliberately omitted in the spirit.
intolerance intolerance (intolerance) indicates that the agreement ultimately failed, although
except an irrational emotion at all about that assessment
their knowledge to a final evaluation is not sufficient mental
hard battle before the final evaluation is not fair, or
there was no need for una tale valutazione finale dovrebbe essere presa come limitazioni per se stessi e gli altri, da cui il corrispondente fatti, apparentemente trascurabile
Tolleranza di intolleranza
"1 La tolleranza di intolleranza porta alla intolleranza.
2. L'intolleranza di intolleranza porta alla tolleranza ".
- Lars Gustafsson
Per comprendere la tolleranza di formazione politica, in condizioni di non-accettazione di intolleranza (v. Active tolleranza). I confini tra la tolleranza e l'intolleranza, i confini politici. Entrambi i termini sono utilizzati anche come una lotta politica termini. L'intolleranza si riferisce ad un atteggiamento inaccettabile che è incompatibile con la tolleranza può essere soddisfatta.
Ignorance
On the one hand, their limits of tolerance in the arbitrariness and indifference. Tolerance per se is not necessarily that the facts really toleranced observed and evaluated. Tolerance may also lead to the closure.
Where ignorance can be found in principle, not the evaluation or the efforts in the foreseeable simple mechanics of thought, which always produce positive results. Ignorant talk is complete indifference, or always mean consent - for example by opportunism. The result is similar ignorance of the above, in the form of passive tolerance, with a tolerant attitude of passive acceptance is not obscured and often subtle (The pitch) is expressed.
Ignorance, the tolerance is so far in the conflict, given that even the intolerance, the opposite of tolerance, tolerate. Ignorance is therefore consistent with a tolerant attitude incompatible. However, the two are easily confused character, especially in the absence of other serious adverse or intolerant.
Citations
Tolerance is the inability to say yes or no - Friedrich Nietzsche
The city, however, is tolerant. His love for the people as they are born from the hatred of the right people. - Theodor W. Adorno (Minima Moralia)
I prefer demonstrations of tolerance for events di intolleranza, in qualsiasi momento prima, ma ho ancora qualche riserva circa la parola "tolleranza" e il discorso, che ha organizzato. Si tratta di un discorso con radici religiose, è di solito sul lato del potere, sempre connessi con determinate concessioni paternalistico ... - Jacques Derrida (2001, in: Filosofia nei momenti di terrore, ISBN 3-86572-358-6, p. 168)
Questa calda sensazione di disgusto, disprezzo e pietà - chiamato tolleranza. Harald Schmidt (1993, in lacrime in acquario, ISBN 3-462-02302-0)
La tolleranza diventa un crimine, quando essa è male. - Thomas Mann (La montagna incantata)
La tolleranza dovrebbe essere solo un atteggiamento temporaneo: si deve portare al riconoscimento. Per tollerare è un insulto. - Goethe (Massime e riflessioni)
In nome della tolleranza, che si riserva il diritto di non ignorare l'intolleranza. - Sir Karl Popper
Coraggio di intolleranza! - Carlo Schmid
Tolleranza significa rispetto per le convinzioni degli altri, di non cedere le proprie convinzioni. - Walter Kasper
La tolleranza è il sospetto che gli altri è giusto. [Sic] da Kurt Tucholsky
Letteratura
Hamid Reza Yousefi: applicata la tolleranza. Gustav Mensching interculturale leggere (Interkulturelle Biblioteca Vol. 49), Nordhausen il 2008.
Denis Diderot: l'intolleranza
Hamid Reza Yousefi Klaus Fischer (ed.): Cross-orientamento culturale. Fondazione di tolleranza dialogue. Part I: methods and concepts. Part II: Applied interculturalism, Nordhausen 2004. Arnold
Angenendt: tolerance and violence. Christianity from the Bible and sword. Munster: Aschendorff 2007. ISBN 3-402-00215-9. Article, review in FAZ, in the time of review, revision and moths taz
István Bejczy: Tolerant: A Medieval concept, in: Journal of the History of Ideas 58 / 3 (1997), 365-384.
Christian Augustin, Johannes Wienand, Christiane Winkler (ed.): pluralism and religious tolerance in Europe. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften 2006 ISBN 3-531-14811-7
Norberto Bobbio: The age of human rights. Tolerance is enforceable?, Berlin 1999 ISBN 3-8031-2358-5
Ingor Broer, Richard Schlüter (eds.): Il cristianesimo e la tolleranza, Darmstadt, 1996, 3-534-12989-X
Erkens, Sebastian; Kerkhoff, Engelbert; Verleysdonk, Albert (ed.): tolleranza tra il mondo dei giovani e vecchi. Volume 35, gli scritti del servizio sociale alla Hochschule Niederrhein, 2003, ISBN 3-933493-13-7
Rainer Forst: Tolleranza in conflitto, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-518-29282-X
Herbert Marcuse: Tolleranza repressive, in: Wolff, Moore, Marcuse: Critica della pura tolleranza, del 1965, quando tedesco Suhrkamp FFM 1996
Gustav Mensching. La tolleranza e la verità nella religione, Heidelberg 1955 (riemissione ed. Tworuschka Udo, Weimar 1996) Hermann
puddle, "tolerated and passivity", in: Uwe Carstens and others (eds.), the reorganization of social services, Norderstedt, 2006: 91-110, ISBN 3-8334-6477-1
Karl Popper: The Open Society and His enemies, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen. Two volumes. 524 and 575 p.
Joseph Alois Ratzinger (Benedict XVI.): Faith, truth, tolerance, Freiburg im Breisgau 2003, ISBN 3-451-28110-4
Heinrich Schmidinger (ed.), Pathways to tolerance, the story of a European idea in the sources , Darmstadt, 2002, ISBN 3-534-16620-5
Klaus Schreiner, Gerhard Besier: tolerance, the basic concepts of history, ed. Otto Brunner, Werner Conze, Reinhart Koselleck, 7 vols, Stuttgart 1972-92, vol 6, 445-605
Christoph Schwöbel, Dorothee Kirch by Trippel (eds.): The religious roots of tolerance, Freiburg im Breisgau 2002, ISBN 3-451-27901-0
Michael Walzer: Speaking of tolerance. From the civilization of the difference, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-88022-639-3
Hamid Reza Yousefi: Applied tolerance. Gustav Mensching intercultural read (Interkulturelle Library Vol 49), Nordhausen 2008.
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