Cannabinoids Cannabinoids are transformation products and synthetic analogues of some terpene phenol, which so far was only in the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica) have been discovered. The exploration of cannabinoids led to the discovery of the endocannabinoid system. My body substances having similar pharmacological properties, are called endocannabinoids. Cannabis cannabinoid
The resin of the hemp plant contains over 60 terpene phenols, which were not discovered other plants. The most studied is Δ ⁹ cannabinoid-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ ⁹-THC), in 1964, has been isolated. Cannabinoid acids as precursors of neutral cannabinoids were in 1950 because of its antibiotic effect and are known, for example, in Czechoslovakia in animal medicine. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, was due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-schizophrenischen and anti-epileptic properties studied. Most of the other cannabinoids on psychological activity were examined, and their research has been neglected, when he was that they were not.
Some herbal cannabinoids (Phytocannabinoide) of the cannabis plant:
Number type cannabinoid Δ ⁹
9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Δ ⁸ 2-tetrahydrocannabinol-Δ ⁹
Tetrahydrocannabivarin -
Cannabidiol
Cannabigerol 7 6 5
Cannabichromen
Cannabicyclol 3
Cannabielsoin
Cannabitriol 5 9 11
Cannabinol
Miscellaneous> 1
Cannabinodiol> 1
Cannabis also contains a large number of non-cannabis, over 21 120 different terpenes and flavonoids with various pharmacological properties. There is evidence that cannabinoids such as cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD) and the effect of THC-Δ ⁹ change. Neuropharmacology Most studies focus on the investigation of individual cannabinoids.
Cannabis and the cannabinoids are contained in some combination contradictory effects: they inhibit, increasing aggression, moisten and improve both the spontaneous activity of neurons that act simultaneously and produce anticonvulsant cortical epilepsy-like discharges. Some cannabinoids are agonists of CB receptors ₁ / ₂ CB, others say, however, is their affinity for, or even antagonistic.
The chemical nature of cannabis varies greatly depending on factors such as heat of combustion, storage conditions and geographical origin.
Cannabis and cannabinoids are generally not considered as doping agents, national and international sports federations are open for inspections.
Artificial Synthetic cannabinoids semisynthetic cannabinoids can be produced, namely natural cannabinoids, as well as completely synthetic, ie from simple precursors. Synthetic cannabinoids are used in medicine, but also serve as in neuroscience on Cannabinoidwirkung in the brain to understand. Some synthetic cannabinoids are, for example:
CP-55940: 1974 synthesized, 40-50x as powerful Δ9-THC
HU-210: 100-800-times the power compared to THC, an animal must zellwachstumsfördernde and antidepressant effects
SR- 141716A is a selective CB1 antagonist, and is responsible for weight loss as an authorized product. It is also used as resources for smoking cessation are reviewed.
nabilone: \u200b\u200bWill in oncology to treat side effects of chemotherapy as an antiemetic used.
CP 47,497 (in the fashion of drugs "Spice," as the main ingredient is proven)
9-nor-9beta Hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol-(beta-HHC)
JWH-015 and JWH-018: it has been demonstrated in drug Spice.
cannabina-mimetic from other plants
Researcher at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich have recently shown that the N-Isobutylamide Echinacea by a new class of potent cannabinoid mimetic shows the peripheral CB2 cannabinoid receptors on immune cells bind, but not for the CB1 receptors in the central nervous system. Thus, cannabis sativa is not the only plant that produces cannabinoid receptor ligands. Beta-caryophyllene occurs in various aromatic plants and is also a cannabinoid CB2.
Literature
Roger Pertwee (ed.): cannabinoids. (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Vol 168), Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, 2005, ISBN 3-540-22565-X.
Franjo Grotenhermen (eds): Cannabis and cannabinoids. Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic potential. Verlag Hans Huber, Bern / Göttingen / Toronto / Seattle, 2004, ISBN 3-456-84105-1.
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